Outer space

Doubts about extraterrestrial life is whether or not. Alien or extraterrestrial beings exist in fact? How to look at closer distances like Star? What would stroll on the Moon and it looks like live on Mars?

To answer these questions why study astronomy? I'm sure most of you will astronauts or day dreaming that the astronomer. How has having been raised by many people of my age, you and your generation "Star Wars" and "Startrek" explore universe their lives certainly doubt that at least one time. Camp dream to conquer the vast unknown territories – wild animals at night with the stars would like a simple started to catch our eyes each shooting star. -At least the rest of the world - the wonders of the world so much watching the dream is a great source of attraction.

Come to primary and secondary schools, we were exposed to all advanced cosmic mysteries. We we science subjects concerning attention and little solar system preference for discussing and what processed beyond it. Slowly and was introduced to the magical world of our astronomy.

In astronomy, planets, stars, comets, system, and Milky Way Center deals with. We are also studies on phenomena going on outside the outside world know that Earth's atmosphere. Also trying to understand a definite evolution, space development, and found the others is considered. It is one of the oldest known field called science as a science. The ancient Greeks dare studied and discovered the area outside the our world, was one of the first. They contrive to beyond here on Earth to see the practical observation technology with its own scientific methodology to elucidate an empty entity. Daredevil at the time, ambitious amateur astronomer who, in turn, served as the basis what astronomy recently contributed to many important astronomical discoveries.

Their childhood, observe, and astronomy to the outside world confined to the forecast activities through the naked eye was. Shed light somehow the universe's mysteries in the universe of Aristotle's explanation, for the first time. True proposal he has moved it around everything else in the center of the universe, the Earth and be accepted as valid, for the first time. Hundreds of years, millions of people who have subscribed to this theory, and most of the further research it was hinged. Available sound explanation * Renaissance until it wasn't more * became possible. Became the heart of Nicolaus Copernicus, the solar system model. Sun and Aristotle claims his proposal and is claimed to be the Earth in the center of the universe. Many objections to produce his proposal, even though he was adamantly defended Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler. Galileo add innovations to enhance his observations using a telescope. Kepler, devised the system correctly describing the Central solar planetary motion details on the other hand, for the first time.

These are the basic knowledge astronomy. Circumstances beyond its control, and then entered the University focused on the interests of our respective fields our quest stopped further to study the universe. To rekindle the old passion however, it is never too late. Once the astronomy enthusiast, always, astronomy enthusiasts. I, one was about the reunion of some sort of my childhood fascination world our world outside. I for myself many ideas, I ensure that do not understand the concept of astronomy is actually was surprised to see well. Without a second thought I was from the Internet, some self-taught. I also came across online college courses in astronomy.

Space, NASA and future privatisation

Run the Government program slowly at space privatization, bureaucratic or should be a priority. It was stated the topic of conversation today online think tank and one very wise individual in our conversation:

If you want private space to regain brewing even could have many problems. All that there is no space race privatization opposite me.

Yes, seems very promising person considering other issues of privatization of the leaders in their space World Government is the ultimate authority to ask for many rulers? Resolve the issue of the free market; Government create them well. Doing business with have ever?

If the Government waits until it will never happen, and all the something becomes fully, therefore, we now, space risk is unacceptable. Risk is not bad, but the first hesitation, procrastination, officials blame game, legal strangle hold evil is too. NASA is too politically correct people and I in this issue, on the side of the ??????? he is entirely correct.

That NASA should be more funding for it is much more efficient than the free enterprise and why the Government and free-they are contracts for companies to get things without the free market mechanism cannot because. These birds is now really old suffer a loss of NASA's shuttle is no pointless. When these shuttle built these losses acceptable loss rates three times smaller than expected, real problem is leading us media with offices in mind voting a weak man, they have a lack of vision, perseverance and intelligence.

Assumes the risks of the transfer progress going anyway, so minimize the risk. Politicians work and could be "human +" man and nature explorers superstar is theirs. Needed to win to progress forward-only it's worth the risk.

NASA upgrades are required. UN upgrade is needed, our upgrade is required and is the human race now upgrade-ready! Competition is best effort to get better and must are a number of NASA. Just some competition education now we need to compete. Weakness is weak we are not the characteristics of human ancestors that died before giving birth to weak, not those here today genealogy natural selection, for the truth of the evolution of the survival of the fittest. By boat, it will make River maritime strategy must by NASA.

Media and public opinion that NASA can kill, but people are behind their power if you can run behind them, money behind them. I may have read some Sci Fi novels, outstanding people beeen Ben Bova posing the question of as met Tucson Colombia University biology II Observatory talk one time sound wow-you must have been a love it's themselves specialising.

Space tourism: fact or fiction?

ISS crew space tourist Gregory Olsen, twelfth, Baikonur space station launch pads, Soyuz TMA-7 11: 55 pm was launch from about 10 EDT Monday. Olsen said he will call it the "spaceflight participant" in the second paid $ 20000000, elite group of tourists join area: Dennis Tito's first paid passenger ( $ 20 million) in April 2001, Mark Shuttleworth was in April of 2002 ($ 20 ).

Space tourism is certainly has arrived and it is not going where they open. I predicted would be in the article published in Aviation Week 2000 Norman Augustine, Martin, lockhead former CEO space tourism travel main areas of activity. In 1997, includes United States national leisure travel monitor survey space tourism questions first. Surveyed 1,500 Americans are said to be 42% space cruise ship, interested in flying and travel for average $ 10,800 to spend would be willing.

The industry successfully, however, must change to corporate incidents rather than space tourism travel government programs to private companies from the dominant Russia. Unfortunately, space travel, space usage, an international treaty to 60s and had focused focus government action is mainly established in the 1970's. Adoption of these treaties, but, of course, was only Government space program game town. Cold war in full swing was to mention that. "Space race" attitude is a complete Government supported, dampened private companies rights to deal with space operations control. Lack of vision, but the change has been made, unless we seek to future commercial space tourism complex.

Current law tells the held responsible for space activities at the national, State, Government or private companies. For example, exploded in the Japan sector, Alaska, for launching rockets cause loss of life and Japan the Government company was responsible as well. Given this Setup, all countries also in the commercial space, and risk mitigation activities or otherwise it liability exposure to reduce certain safety and quality standards established the custom settings that you can can be banned.

December 23, 2004, President George w. Bush's launch amendments Act signature commercial space law. This Act further development of the emerging commercial space flight industry, and private human spaceflight specifies both the FAA and the transportation sector adjustment by institutions as.

To promote national legislation on industry to do so, give national regulatory results completely different levels of the patch quilt rising safety and quality standards. We saw in the maritime sector allow cheap flag States under the wise the ship and crew safety requirements. Not the secure administration move to these spaces.

The most appropriate solution is great is that standardization of the same transparency and reliability of space tourism and other commercial activities of private companies in the travel and space, while creating an international treaty. These Treaty principles might therefore adopted laws to apply surveillance and uniform standards for private enterprises in their respective countries, and control.

However, so far does not stop asking first commercial flight in the universe need these standards. Actually a waiting list already exists. Formed Virgin Galactic LLC founder of billionaire Richard Branson, Virgin Atlantic airlines commercial passenger space someday will start booting from the soil of the United States 2008. Rates are onboard Virgin Galactic ballistic spacecraft $ 200,000 seats. Ensures a $ 20,000 seat deposit today.

Will Whitehorn, President, Virgin Galactic quoted SPACE.com is "there is a significant level of our now... Deposit is worth about $ 10... to sell starting time flying over at least the first few years we are and I'm sure. ?

Space exploration

Use of astronomers explore the universe as a space exploration and space technologies are defined. Space exploration in manned spaceflight and robotic space Kraft has taken.

Known as astronomical observation of objects in space is reliable history pre-dating the oldest known scientific research. Allow early 20 century development space exploration rocket fuel to spread and become a reality. Space exploration often more political competition, each country's own pace and fast get first, exploration, such as between the "competition" Soviet Union and the United States to try to push and create.

Space exploration of unusual flights has shifted from large can consider reusable hardware. Private interest in space exploration to create a more competitive with large government delegations urge has started.

Orbit insertion was made in 1957. Soviet Union, the unmanned launch Sputnik, that name at Earth orbit 150 miles. Following the success of the Soviet Union, Vangaurd 1 start was United States failure two months later. Bonding State in 1958 and started successfully orbit Explorer-Explorer 1.

In 1961, the first manned space flight Vostok 1, 27-year-old man carrying modified. Orbital spaceflight, all over the world one about 2 hours to complete. This victory, urged the world to continue space exploration. Within six months followed in the footsteps of the United States, the Soviet Union. Mercury flight Earth six times on February 20, 1962 orbit. Riding in 1963, the first female Earth 48 Vostok 6 laps did.

One of the main objectives of space exploration is the focus of life in the universe research in astrobiology. Astrobiology is mainly concentrated in the evolution of the origin and life. Commonly known as astrobiology. Biological, consider the possibility of life completely different from other life found in the past.

Space-the final frontier

"My husband does not understand hallway closet empty I need. I want it clean ending, he is why he what don't want don't understand... I might be thought. ?

"All I want is you don't need one day when I was rushing. I always, hurry... Trying to me nothing I have fast or others. [Should I do, you can get to them fast. I feel like that or it is just me? ?

"It is there. I give up. Cannot clear the same sippy cups and shoes, junk mail and Kroger receipt... and it is at all the next day again, House or in the car... I can't do it anymore. I give up. ?

3 Separate voice mail messages to three different WAHMs. ( at work-home - mom ) referenced, I think they're all the same thing about. Space.

We to talk about work-life balance when we aren't spaces for to talking about actually. We ourselves and our families and our job-and try to ensure in the limited space. Time management, organize meals feng, 15 minutes, fighting off. Create any space or at least sense of space.

I white-space-loving unadorned walls and unusual empty square my calendar;-provided breathing room to feel. Airspace.

I space, Hill running hard or in a large puddle jump should. Should the space inside the reflection because to me,. There are hunting Ali should crawl spaces. You should spread out space yoga. Thought I can't imagine life as a writer without BACKSPACE have HeadSpace, and.

My husband is a safe space for me. My daughter is my play space. Do you under the large flat rocks it are ??????? It's definitely not my space.

It is win your space race?

Time travel: what's your speed and direction?

Our personality we find what time Manager. Many tend too or to freeze the procrastination, too small to irrational and underwork, bees buzz around or whether or not all of one thing: the next time traveller?.

1 Perfectionist. ? Perfectionist is the worst example of a workaholic. Fills the beliefs, they all work activities must complete. George Bernard Shaw were typical workaholics. Mechanical every day of his career he wrote. When looking back on his life, he said, "I is a young man I 9 10 things I failed that seen. Fails because you work 10 times I didn't. "

2 Socialiser. ? It is not good time Manager, Socialiser. To unblock them from conversations Socialiser you will notice that this difficult person for. Just in case services to talk about people with socialisers, people and people love. In other words, always puts to work second time with other.

3 Achiever. ? Achiever in perfect time look at managers master the art. They enjoy all the murmuring and managing things, their own process looks good it seems. But beware, may be many impressions to false. Achiever better in good show and in substance. When dealing with those who achieve real at all times, what was achieved during the look under the surface at that.

4 Artists. ? When dealing with personality in the artist knows it. Look different, dress is different from other people works. Assume that time about the restrictions and limitations. Therefore delayed arrival or early, rotas to ignore the frequently miss deadlines. Time that lax attitude to one whenever their eyes to make them work.

5 Analyzer. ? Analyze the absent-minded professor is to touch on them. They are easily wrapped wrapped sleep preparing meals, daily life is their own thoughts and ideas and others keep scheduled hours-in can get in the conversation and you can forget the routine details. Might confuse the outer life is always rich inner world of thoughts of their talent.

6 The procrastinator. ? There are people hesitate to know whether or not he or she should be at the procrastinator. Because it did not decide on something or not authorized by the authority information is yet available, impractical or higher. Is the questionnaire hesitators procrastinators great doubt,. In it at work, others prefer the Procrastinators himself owns my time. They therefore may require cost deposits work or stress anything matter at any time, delete.

7 Hurrier. ? Hurrier is the janitor by combining the wide-ranging activities in the short space of time. Everything is done at a fast pace: go now, talk soon, soon and would. Do something before they are multi-talented, they completed it all jobs come their way even if you go to more interesting things to say. They is equivalent human Hare in Aesop's Fables.

Reverse 8. ? Rebels is the fighter's life. And they believe it is time something challenging the assault. Would thus hit slowly coming to life by creating tensions and finally I want to run a deadline knowing. Their time limit. Edna St. Vincent Millay describing the emotions they embody.
"My candle Burns at both ends; night will not be updated.
But alas, my enemy and Oh, my friend: it gives a lovely light ".

9 Wandering. ? People enjoy the freedom to do whatever is the wanderer. This problem occurs in the setting of the organization. If they are not fully committed to the work ethic and go for lazy view their own speed. On the other hand, may adjust the pace of the world wanderer in far more satisfying than the rest of us do to achieve high level is.

If you know the kind of traveller and time hopefully don't iron made provision to adjust your plan enhancements. It is a secret time travel success!

Top 10 Sci Fi books every time

I think in my bucket list, according to my taste best sf books 10 ranks and you want to. I do not agree with me more I'll why each winner's unique and itself illustrates my best will do.

1. Kyirux: this is the jewelry shone during the haystack. 500 So far is my favorite fiction books every time, give the answer of our human existence, revolves around the million year old device, talk stories for life dream of all about the origin of the man himself one and they find. This book is a complete artist done in NASA space programs also guess, guess, and real-life occurrences and is plenty. Especially the second part in the talks about the foreign-based.

2 2001 Space Odyssey: still introduce this book Arthur c. Clarke, to you it is classical, and why there is the Holy Grail of this space adventure and mystery explain? I like the most at first, watch the movie, [though was released after this book and I did it once my book, movie, read spotted left how much film actually. Answers to ask our Kyirux yet, we really plain answers human evolution is.

3 Sand dunes: many unaware, avatar is a copy of dune somewhat, but where is stranded on a strange desert desert tribes learn their way has him live their culture and fight to meet predictions. Wasn't it in Frank Herbert's story he baffled I like him to this day I feel sand dunes in the created world really at 10000.

Anti hero novels Neuromancer 4: this base is how they became heroes that future revolutionized increasingly. Can do co., Ltd. today ruled the free market, future running the world to do so by they limit the human what to do with potential. Will reluctant to control the semi-hacker Bill Gibson, new Gandhi, but they directly instead of the attack, he them physiological attack.

5. Minority report: ago, became pop culture hit film director Steven Spielberg starring Tom Cruise is; had unique own minority report fame sf world. If you can is set 2057, minority report, Phil k. Dick written by physics perpetrated ago people catch d. c. Unit himself, all 'Chief Executive Officer, Anderton' future's finest police officers guilty of committing a murder is, this short novel journey begins.

6. Was one of the first science fiction novel dealing with aggression from the gem WOTW of Orson Welles war of the worlds, alien, and universe. At tripod human blood sucking they called by foreigners to run and was a huge machines run dry.

7.2010 Space travel: travel deals universe become ongoing 2001 Jupiter and the second day.

Based on the 8. brave new world: new world order and one world government agenda.

9. iRobots: here suddenly become a robot will Smith starred film more intelligent and human is launching an attack.

10 My legend: than it is science fiction, horror, it like a zombie man in Manhattan, desert leaf the virus DNA destruction deals.

Astronomers search for a new class of major explosions

 They are a little lighter blue and strange. They are a new type of explosion sublime breaking by a team of astronomers led by the California Institute of technology (Caltech). Among the most hsito of the universe, one of these new types can help researchers better understand the formation of stars and distant galaxies, from the early universe which may be like.
"We're learning to a whole new class of one which was not previously known," says Robert Quimby, a doctorate of Caltech and lead the paper to be published on 9 June in the journal nature. In addition to four explosions of this kind, the team also discovered two of his identity was known, was reached also belonged, the astronomers of this new class.
Quimby made first titles when 2007-graduate student at the University of Texas, Austin, he discovered what was then the brightest Supernova discovered: 100 billion times brighter than sunlight, 10 times lighter than most of the others. This was dubbed 2005ap, also a bit strange. On the one hand, its chemical fingerprint spectrum that means astronomers SN consists of of how far it is, what happened when he up-all I saw was in contrast to the past. He also showed no signs of hydrogen, which is usually the most.
At about the same time, astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope discovered a mysterious name SCP 06F6 supernova. This was a supernova, but also a rainbow there was nothing that indicated that the blast was similar to the cosmic 2005ap.
Shri Kulkarni, Caltech's John d. and Catherine t. MacArthur Professor of planetary astronomy and Science took the paper recruited Quimby to be a founding member of the Palomar transient factory (PTF). PTF is a project that scans the sky of flashes of light which did not exist before-flashes that the signal objects as phenomena, many of them are one. As part of PTF, Quimby and his use of the Samuel Oschin telescope 1.2-meter at the Palomar Observatory for four new one. After taking the spectra with 10-meter Keck Telescopes in Hawaii, 5.1-meter telescope at the Palomar Telescope Herschel, William 4.2-meter Bahá ' í Canary Islands, all four objects, astronomers discovered was unusual spectral signature.
Quimby then realized that if he moved a bit of a spectrum of SN 2005ap-find some years earlier-it looks a lot like those four new objects. The team then plotted together all spectra. "Crack pairing it was perfect," he recalls.
Astronomers soon determined that SCP 06F6 propulsion spectrum similarly aligned it with the others. Eventually, it became clear that each of the six are brothers, and they all spectra blue with very light wavelengths shines ultraviolet.
According to one mysterious-Quimby Monday, SCP 06F6-2005ap was looks different from one another because 2005ap was 3 billion light years away, while SCP 06F6 was 8 billion light years away. One far more powerful than the cosmological redshift, a phenomenon in which the universe expands stretches the wavelength of the light emitted, which moves one towards the end of the spectra.
Four new discoveries, which had features similar to SCP 06F6 2005ap and, were about an event, providing the missing link connected to two previously explained. "What was most striking about this-it was all one unified Department," says Mansi Kasliwal, a graduate student at Caltech and took on the nature paper.
Although astronomers now know that these are related, no one knows much more than that. "We have a whole new class of objects that is not explained by models we've seen before," says Quimby. What we know about them is that they are bright and hot to 10,000; 20,000 degrees Kelvin are expanding quickly in 10,000 km/s; They are hydrogen; And they take 50 days to fade away a lot more than most of the one, which is often driven by radioactive. Therefore, there must be other mechanism is to make them bright.
One possible model that would create an explosion with these properties is a poem about 90-130 times the solar mass. Blow up pulsations off shells without hydrogen fuel, when the star will explode like a supernova, whose blast brought to life to these shells temperatures observed and luminosities.
More model requires a star explodes as the supernova but leaves behind the so-called magnetar spinning dense object quickly with a strong magnetic field. A rotating magnetic field slows down the magnetar because it interacts with the particles charged that fills space, releasing energy. The energy heats the material which was explosion blew past it during the supernova naturally can explain the brightness of these events.
One discovered live more dull, less a few stars known dwarf galaxies. (The milky way there are 200-400 billion stars). One, they are almost a hundred times lighter than their host galaxies, highlight their environments such as street lamps light the dark roads far away. They work like a type of backlight, astronomers measure the spectrum of interstellar gas that fills one which dwarf galaxies, and reveal the composition of each Galaxy. After Supernova observed fading in a few months later, astronomers can directly study the dwarf galaxy-which would have added remain supernova.
One of these can also reveal what stars might be like the old who, since they probably come from the stars around a hundred times more massive Sun-stars which was very similar to the first star of the universe.
"This is really amazing how rich the night sky continues to be," says selects. "In addition to one, the company makes great progress Palomar transient astronomy major."
This research is supported by the Israel Science Foundation, National Science Foundation of the United States-Israel, Israeli Science Foundation, Department of energy, the Betty Gordon Moore, Gary &, Cynthia Bengier, Richard Rhoda Goldman Foundation, and the Royal Society.
The source of the story:

The above story printed  materials provided by California Institute of, a EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. The original article was written by Marcus Woo.

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A night with the stars ... Conference room

 Ancient astronomers noticed dark sky looked like stars marched by overhead as the accuracy of the dancers. At the beginning of the 17th century, Galileo Galilei brought the world one step closer to the heavens with a telescope, the discovery of celestial wonders, among others, the moons around Jupiter, and moon surface, our members.

Today, the stars are closer to us than ever before, thanks to powerful telescopes in space, on the ground. Modern astronomers have to walk outside, because they get accurate data submitted directly to their own laptops. If Galileo could see us now, he seems to be thrilled by the developments – some tone puzzled even the astronomy means through telescopes on the sky, twinkling dark.

"You have access to a wealth of invaluable data in astronomy from the couch," said Amy Mainzer, Deputy project scientist for infrared survey Explorer, a wide-field of a NASA laboratory in NASA's Pasadena, California, a good Jet in Calif. "we can do almost all of our research on laptops."

Sometimes, the astronomers to travel to the land-based. They sleep during the day, and, instead of at the night sky, are the telescopes of all computer screens. Some telescopes can be operated even remote laptop computers. Mainzer, a colleague, Mike Cushing, a member of the smart team in JPL, recently spent a night with the stars in a conference room in NASA's infrared processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of technology Pasadena, California.

"I suppose in a sense, be vulnerable to easy romance makes remote observation," said Cushing. "But it is more complex for using your own ability to sleep in the bed!"

This particular night, Mainzer Cushing, along with the undergraduate student, Emily DeBaun mkolg Dartmouth in Hanover, N.H., were bamrdf brown dwarfs. These are cool, Dim stars with little has stunted development. They begin life as stars, but never grow massive enough to ignite nuclear fusion and shines with the light of the Sun, like our Sun does so brilliantly. Instead, brown dwarfs because of the heat leftover from glowing shape. This heat makes it easy to see with infrared telescopes.

The first brown dwarf discovered until 1995, but was already predicted those objects no longer exist in the 1960s. Additional discoveries during the 2000s rolled in early with the help of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, the two microns all-sky survey, a project to map all-sky infrared by analyzing infrared processing center and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Navon task ensures that find even more of these small stars, with all sky infrared enhanced. In fact, the smart is probably more than double the number of known brown dwarfs come out to our 25 years of sunlight, and even one may find it more close to us than our rack known star, Proxima Centauri, which is 4 light years away. Wise telescope Benno in all-sky survey and entered his bedroom in 2011 a month, but astronomers now begins the daunting data.

Mainzer and Cushing was picked some good brown dwarf candidates out of the smart data. Their next step was to use the facility telescope NASA infrared above Mauna Kea in Hawaii to gather more information about the objects, and to understand if they are really brown dwarfs, and not something else, such as a distant galaxy masquerading as cool nearby star. This is what brought them to a quiet Conference Room late at night, when even the most astronomers usually owlish of working in the building went home.

"You've got the Guidedog," said Cushing, speaking through the phone speaker operator telescope NASA infrared telescope facility in Hawaii. Guidedog is the name of the computer that controls the camera the telescope. The operator took the computer to focus the telescope.

During the night, the Mainzer vkoshing said the operator, when they were ready to point the telescope at different patch of sky, while controlling the settings that are specific to the interface software on their laptops. The screen of the laptop was projected onto the big screen in the room, where they can get a better view of the software.

One task involved objects and their interest into windows, or slots, the mask stars in other nearby. After the command was given to capture the image, musical instruments, infrared telescope facility, called the spectrometer, broke apart or the fundamental components of the object, like a Prism disperses sunlight into a rainbow. These data were then plots, spectra, showing the proportions of different light than the strength of each wave. Peaks, the purchase was discovered molecules that make up the object, as well as its temperature.

"I think we decline T dwarf," said Mainzer, referring to the sort of brown dwarfs the organizing system according to their temperature. T-dwarfs are about 1400 to 500 Kelvin (about 960 to 230 degrees. c). Wise to find cold heat, maybe even dwarfs even the elusive Y-dwarfs, which some theories say might be cold in about 200 Kelvin (minus 73 degrees Celsius). If this object was discovered, it would be a star-like body is cold.

The search for brown dwarfs continued into the night. The astronomers ar were bags of sweet-and-sour gummies and M & Ms, not to mention the thrill of discovering new worlds.

They stayed until 3 a.m. on the same night, midnight in Hawaii. The telescope was then in turn another team of observers.

"We are still late with the stars, even though we see them using electronic sensors instead of looking through a telescope within our eyes," said Mainzer. "But compared to the ancient astronomers, I think our feeling of AWE is the same, we are continuing search to understand our amazing universe."

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The above story is published  materials provided by good laboratory of NASA/Jet.

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A black hole, and kill the planet 4.6 billion light year-country

A study headed by astronomers at the University of vorooik has confirmed that one of the largest Flash, bright still recorded by astronomers is ejected from the Galaxy is a massive black Center. Black hole appears to have ripped apart a star who wandered too close, creating a strong beam of energy which crossed billion 3.8 light-years to Earth.

Research in the journal Science, published June 16.

Gamma and x-ray radiation high energy level very light persisted with for weeks after the event, flare light occur when no more pieces of the planet fell into a black hole. Extreme brightness comes from this event is only a small fraction of illuminated the sky, a jet of the light towards the milky way, which was detected on Earth billions of years after the Star 3.8 was ripped apart.

Dr. Andrew ban, a leading researcher on paper from the University of vorooik, said: "Although this cataclysmic event, we force still occur only to see this event, our solar system that happened to look at this right barrel of Jet energy."

New research determines that the source of this event now known as South – 1644 + 57-is right in the heart of the faraway Galaxy, 3.8 billion light years, where is in the constellation Draco.

Researcher at the University vorooik Dr. Andrew ban said: "the only explanation that so far the size, volume, timescale and of fluctuations of the events observed massive black, is in the Centre of this Galaxy has a very long on a star, ripped apart by tidal disruption. A black hole is rotating then created two IAF one of them pointed directly toward the Earth. "

The interrogators used the Hubble Space Telescope, the Observatory satellite Swift confirmation, of the Chandra x-ray study of the blast. Swift burst alert telescope discovered a source on 28 March, when the outbreak of the first in a series of explosions with x-ray.

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The above story is published materials provided by University of vorooik.

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Astronomers discover the earliest black holes at dawn of the universe

Astronomers already has far and away to look into space, back in time, the world's most powerful telescopes to detect galaxies billions of light years away that existed when the universe was only a fraction of its current age. But the discovery of massive black holes lurk constantly thought of these galaxies Central proved much more difficult.

Now a team of astronomers has discovered the earliest black holes ever detected, despite the fact that they are hidden by their host galaxies. They also measure the average growth rate of black holes, discovered that they grow, to evolve in tandem with their galaxies that astronomers observed something locally, but they knew little about when they arrived to the early universe, far away.

"This finding says we have a symbiotic relationship between black holes and galaxies that has always existed," said Kevin Schawinski Yale astronomer, contributed to the discovery.

The team used a technique called "the stack" to identify the very weak signals emitted by black holes in distant galaxies, which the main are 13 billion light years from Earth. Due to their great distance, astronomers see these black holes as they were less than one billion years after the big bang. (The universe is currently estimated to be 13.7 billion years old.)

Astronomers focused on more than 250 galaxies, which have previously been discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope, which they thought were good candidates for harboring of black holes at their centers. Then they piled up several pictures taken by the Chandra Observatory at the top of each other, effectively doubling a weak x-ray signals created by black holes as they prey nearby gas and dust.

They are only detected high-energy x-rays, Schawinski said, meaning that black holes have to be hidden behind large amounts of dust and gas mglksiot to their host. "This explains why they were so hard to find," he said.

Theorists, including Yale cosmologist Priyamvada Natarajan, used observations to determine the earliest black holes even those appear to grow and develop together with their host galaxies, which is similar to the astronomers have observed in the universe.

"These observations indicate that the massive black holes were already very early 700-800 million years after the big bang, which suggests that they were born or have experienced outbreaks begin massive rapid growth," said Natarajan. "One of us a lot more than we knew before, and it is very exciting."

Then, the team hopes to use the Chandra Observatory to look at a large field of vision even further so that they test theories about how these earliest black holes formed.

Other authors of the paper include Ezequiel treister (University of Hawaii, Universidad de Concepción), Marta Volonteri (University of Michigan) Eric Gawiser (Rutgers University).

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Scientists identify Earth-the equivalent amount of water in the Moon

There is no water in the Moon – so many, in fact, that in some places it is setting the amount of water within the Earth.

The origin of the scientific team searching including Brown University, the first measurements of the Lunar melt generalizations. These measurements show that certain parts of the CAP in the lunar calendar has water as a coat on top of the Earth.

A generalization of the glue pipeline are tiny moons of molten rock within the crystals trapped in volcanic glass deposits during outbreaks in the resulting explosion. A new search, published this week in Science Express, showing high content water from Lunar magma than previous studies have suggested a 100.

The result is the culmination of years of investigation by the search team and volatile volcanic glass that is returned by the Apollo program of NASA in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the wild in 2008, the same group led by Alberto ??'????, Professor of Geological Sciences at Brown, reported the first evidence for the presence of water and models to assess the amount of water was originally in magmas before eruption.

"The bottom line," said ??'????, a writer on the paper check and primary investigator science bamhkr grant, "that in 2008, we have a water content of the primitive magmas moons should be similar to the water content where the topmost coat come poor planet. Now we have proof that he is indeed the case. "

New search received critical assistance to undergraduate mstodntit Brown, Thomas Weinreich, who found the exclusion list glue that allowed the team to measure the concentration of pre-eruption of water trend, to estimate the amount of water bapnim of the moon. With a needle in a Hay-it classic, Weinreich sought through thousands of grains from the famous high-Titanium "Orange earthquakes" discovered by NASA astronaut Harrison Schmitt during the mission Apollo 17 before finding the ten that melt generalizations.

"He just looks like a clear example with some black stains on the inside," said weinrich, the second author on the paper.

Compared to the meteors, the Earth and the other inside of our solar system contain relatively low amounts of volatile components in water, which were abundant in the inner solar system, during the formation of the Earth. Even lower than the amounts of these volatile elements found on the Moon long was claimed as evidence that you have established a huge following of high temperature, terrible. But this new research showing aspects of this theory must be reevaluated.

"Water plays an important role in determining the behavior of planetary surfaces sectorial, melting point of planetary interiors and location of the eruptive volcanoes planets," said Erik Hauri, geochemist with the Carnegie Institution of Washington and lead the research. "We can raise this is not the type of sample is more important than return to the Earth than those examples check out volcanic glass by explosive volcanism, not only on the moon have been mapped, but also throughout the inner solar system."

The research team measured water content of ion microprobe inclusions using state of art NanoSIMS 50 L.

"Unlike most volcanic online payments, including glue are encased crystals that prevent the escape of water vndipim during the eruption. These examples provide the best we have the amount of water in the Interior of the Moon, "said James Van Orman's case Western Reserve University, a member of the scientific team.

The research also adds a new twist on the history of water ice at the lunar poles who hmchtshim some recent NASA missions. The ice was attributed to the effects of the Comet, Meteor, but it is possible some of this ice water can be released by the eruption of magmas Lunar.

Malcolm Rutherford, the Emeritus Professor of Geological Sciences at Brown, also contributed to the paper. NASA Cosmochemistry and laser research funded, with additional support provided by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) of the NASA Astrobiology Institute.

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The above story is published materials provided by Brown University.

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